TV

 Hello

Friday 4th November 2022
Television: Industries & Audiences

L/O: to research the history, companies & regulators in the television industry

Publicly owned TV channel - made for the public - servicing their needs.

Commercial TV channel - the broadcasting of television programs and radio programming by privately owned corporate media for money by advertisements.

Convergence: the merging of distinct technologies, industries, or devices into a unified whole.

Watershed- time where adult programs are put on after children have been put to bed etc. from 9pm - 5:30

Segmented market: the organisation of various types of audiences, to reach them with your ads and campaigns. By dividing your customers into audience segments, it becomes easier to reach them with relevant ads.

Mainstream: conventional newspapers, television and other news sources that most people know about and regard as reliable. 

self- regulating - a company that self regulates itself

Franchise: A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, film etc. Also it is a license from a company of a product to use format/show/ideas

Channel- surfing: clicking / scrolling through the various tv channels.

PSB: public service broadcasting( e.g. publicly owned TV channel) - BBC 

TV license:A TV Licence is a legal permission to install or use television equipment to receive (i.e. watch or record) TV programmes

scheduling:A plan which shows the various platforms on which a company will advertise and the dates, times, durations, positions and types of advertising to be placed on them during an advertising campaign.

Conglomerate:A media conglomerate, media group, or media institution is a company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises, such as music, television, radio, publishing, motion pictures, theme parks, or the Internet.

1. 1936

2.  Only 3- BBC, ITV, BBC2

3. 1955- it has adverts so commercial,  but still PSB but more relaxed.

4. Channel 3, 4 and 5

5. Ofcom

6. Independent Broadcasting authority

7. Differences- black and white, amount of channel, quality etc, 

Friday 11th November 2022
Ownership & regulation

L/O: to explore the ownership & regulation of BBC1 & ITV

Ofcom regulates TV & radio broadcasting in the uk, setting standards for programmes that broadcasters have to follow

Ofcom can fine broadcasters if their programmes breach( don't follow) their broadcasting code.

They carry out regular reviews to see that the terrestrial channels, fulfilling PSB requirements

Ofcom regulates the BBC externally

Internally, the BBC is controlled by a board of 12-14 members.

The BBC is granted a license to broadcast by Royal charter, which must be renewed every 11 years. The charter sets out the BBC's public purposes

BBC: Inform, educate and entertain.

 1) mission-"to act in the public interest, serving all audiences through the provision of impartial, high-quality and distinctive output and services which inform, educate and entertain".

2) Our values are:

AUDIENCES are at the heart of everything we do

CREATIVITY is the lifeblood of our organisation

TRUST is the foundation of the BBC - we’re independent, impartial and truthful

We RESPECT each other - we’re kind, and we champion inclusivity

We are ACCOUNTABLE and deliver work of the highest quality

We are ONE BBC - we collaborate, learn and grow together

3) public purposes: 1. To provide impartial news and information to help people understand and engage with the world around them

2. To support learning for people of all ages

3. To show the most creative, highest quality and distinctive output and services

4. To reflect, represent and serve the diverse communities of all of the United

 Kingdom’s nations and regions and, in doing so, support the creative economy across the United Kingdom

5.5. To reflect the United Kingdom, its culture and values to the world

The license fee is

Im a celebrity get me out of here! by ITV. - high quality, challenging content, original. diversity, distinct, kinda informative- for celebs

four in a bed- learning, informative, original, diversity, quality, UK

BBC News - knowledge, learning,  informing, BBC News

Bargain hunt- knowledge, learning, imforative, British

Commercial channels:

Funded by adverts, ITV, channel 4,5 are commercially funded- they have to fill some PSB requirements.

Channel 4 has a remit to deliver  high-quality, innovative, alternative programmes that challenge accepted views, values

C4 is commercially funded but publicly owned- any profits go back to making new programs

TV channels can make money by subscriptions, advertisements, sponsorship, pay per view( sky box office) - selected films you want.

product placement- brands e.g. coke shown in programmes 

ITV: Our vision is to be more than Tv building upon ITV's unique and winning combination of creativity and commercial strength.

Itv is not owned by only 1 company but many- so it's a conglomerate.

It has its own small PSB remit:

Broadcast items of national importance

Produce a variety of programmes for a wide audience.

Produce accessible content.

ITV Friday 25th November 2022

33.1%share of commercial viewing for the ITV Family in 2021 (2020: 32.8%)

>3.6msubscriptions globally across our SVOD services

9.6mmonthly active users across all streaming platforms (2020: 8.1m)

Media & Entertainment (M&E) is the home of ITV’s family of channels and platforms – the largest family of free-to-air commercial channels in the UK, with programming delivered across multiple platforms. M&E is made up of two parts – Streaming and Broadcast.

Our streaming platforms are our advertiser-funded platform, ITV Hub, and our subscription services, ITV Hub+ and BritBox UK.

ITV Hub is the online home of all our channels, live and on demand and appeals to audiences who do most or all of their viewing on demand. ITV Hub+ is the ad-free version of ITV Hub.

BritBox UK has the largest collection of British box sets and is controlled and managed by ITV, with the BBC and Channel 4 as strategic and equity partners, Channel 5 as a content partner, and EE and BT as distribution partners.

TV Audiences

L/O: to explore how audiences consume Tv drama and the appeals

You can watch tv channels from televisions, streaming sites-, mobile phones, devices, catch up,

as well as this, people watch live tv to have it shown first, excited to feel the enjoyment of watching live.

Audience Theory:

A passive audience accepts and believe everything a media text tells them. They are easily influenced and don't question any message conveyed.

An audience that is active interacts with a media text and makes their own decisions about whether they accept and believe anything. They question messages and may interpret meanings differently.

The audience is more active than people in the 1960s:

• much more channel competition- surfing
• different platforms
• Second screening
• interactivity more possible
• greater range of messages

Audience ratings are measured by the broadcaster's Audience Research Board (BARB)

The 1960s 

L/O: research the social, historical and political context of The Avengers.

• 1961 - First man in space.
• 1966 - England won the football World cup.
• 1969 - First humans to walk on the Moon.

The Sixties dominated by the Vietnam War, Civil Rights Protests, the 60s also saw the assassinations of US President John F Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Cuban Missile Crisis, and finally ended on a good note when the first man is landed on the moon , hallucinative drugs.

Friday 2nd November 2022

Contextual notes:

Concerns in the 60s about a cold war. Europe was divided into two sides with NATO against soviet union, nuclear war scares.

Cuban missile crisis threatened the world at a brink of nuclear war.

Espionage: a way of finding out what the other side was doing and as a way to plant false information. Double agents were found guilty of spying in the early 60s and were either detected or imprisoned

The Avengers- characters

John Steed

Emma Peel

Town of no return:

woman and guy goes to a town where everyone has been replaced by imposters/ spies, faking someones persona of a member of the public( killing the landlord)

Friday 9th September 2022
The Avengers: The Town of No Return

L/O: to explore the narrative, characters and appeal of series 4 episode 1

Narrative: They had suspected an odd thing so they sent an agent to little Blazeley and went missing but went missing again so Emma Peel, John Steed. The episode shows a cultural context as it links references to traitors, spies in the cold war which was happening. - espionage 

Piggy Warren: the old landlord

Mrs Manson- school teacher

Tom Smallwood - blacksmith

Mr Brandon - school inspector

Audience Appeal:  

Uses&Gratifications:

Personal Identity - gender identity is split therefore representing equality so everyone feels welcome- women are equal so feels familiar to character

Information- context of spies,espionage - cold war - informative , equality for woman- tough intelligent. As well as being in the upper class

Entertainment - espionage , fun action, comedy , suspense moments, flirty relationship Steed & Peel

Social Interaction- adults who watch it would want to discuss as it was popular among fans- one tv per household so inclusive. Personal relationship with some characters

Context:

old war - Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc.

espionage

Threat of invasion from imposters

Reassuring the audience- the enemy was not successful enough to take over- some scenes have comedy with John sitting on the child's desk adding humor, undermining the seriousness of the attack.

References to ww2- help present to the audience how Britain triumphed and will be able to do it again.

Humour- helps calm and entertain  the audience so the atmosphere isn't too strained and not put pressure on the audience

Melodrama- over the top, almost funny fight scenes lighten the mood.

Casting is equal in gender so then the audience doesn't feel left out, annoyed about women being left our, promoting equality for women in the 1960s

The enemy is seen as not intelligent nor strong to convey the message of how the enemy is unable to win/ triumph

CONTEXT - The Avengers Thursday 5th January 2022

L/O: to analyse representation and influence of social & cultural context in series 4, episode 1.

Representation:

Characters: evenly divided between gender, presenting that its not gender heavy, biased towards men.

Setting: seaside, town in the middle of nowhere, representing how anyone be hidden in plain sight even though it might seem natural etc.

Props: hats,fencing weapons, guns,motorcycle - help convey the message of fun, mystery and violence.

Character interaction- some funny,comedic and tense moments. Presents how it is serious but also light hearted without pressure.

Dialogue is mostly formal and concise. Mainly on focus on the narrative but also small talk between characters

Stereotypes: Man is main character, english gentleman who is nice and greets her to dinner. A woman is a sidekick- who subverts stereotypes as Emma Peel is shown to be quite good at fighting which is not stereotypical for a woman in the 1960s

Pub scene

Camerawork: slow and steady at first to get the just of meeting the new characters, to feel included that nothing fast paced is happening gives the audience time to meet the characters.

setting very traditional and nice, highlighting how normal and common it is. Room lit to avoid suspicion due to light normally being a place of warmth and coziness.

Friday 13th January 2022
Extract Analysis 

L/O: to explore elements of media language and practice  how to analyse an extract

~Media language:

- Camerawork

-Mise-en-scene

-sound

-Editing

Camerawork

  -angles

 -shot types

 -camera movement

shallow pull- focuses on a certain objects and blurs the rest of the image. 

focus pull- camera focuses on one thing and blurs background then switches and blurs close and unblurs background.

Very wild, jerky camera movement- highlighting how the thing is unstable, tense, fighting for survival, with encanted angles

pov, tracking shot, implying that we are in Mrs Peels perspective- we don't know if John Steed is ok or not.

Mise-en-scene

setting in a pub so promotes that its lively, calm,nice- at first. Nice host, quite clean and traditional highlighting that everything is normal, fine , homely which juxtaposes the dart players cold attitudes.

Props, glasses of drink, highly connotes that its normal . Pictures on the wall, plane hanging down connote war, sketchy fighting theme

Blocking- dart players and woman and Man are separated from the newcomers, signifying that they are not welcome

--fast quick shots promoting tension

Friday 20th January 2022

Sound:   

sound bridge- sound carrying over to another scenes.

Parallel sound is sound matching the content. e.g hearing waves on a beach

Contrapuntal sound is where the sound doesn't match the scene,

holy sound song is used for when they are trying to solve a crime. Music stops when Vicar reveals that he knows. Dramatic organ plays when gun is revealed to add drama and is parallel to the event that occurs. 

How was Camerawork used to create meaning?

close up shots used consistently to highlight that the expressions on both of their faces are important and vital to the story

Camera falls with the guy dying creating a sense of realism and tracking.

medium long shot for setting

pov shots and high angle for guy dying

camerawork is used here to create meaning as close up shots are used consistently throughout. This implies that their facial expressions are important and vital to the scene and the episode as a whole, directing the audience to give their whole direct attention on the characters within the scene. Additionally, some medium and long shots are used throughout the scene to give an audience an insight of the atmosphere, location and characters, which gives us a sense of meaning and detail of the characters situations throughout, giving us a wide lense as well as a much closer one to view the episode through, enabling the audience to be able to view the episode from different perspectives.For example, the inspectors face as he died is used as a close-up is used to give the audience a whole vivid picture of the distress that the inspector is in at his dying moments.

Furthermore, as the school inspector dies, a method called tracking is used to follow his movements as he slowly moves onto the floor as he is injured. This method is used to make the audience to feel emotion as the inspector falls to the ground as it feels like the audience are in the episode experiencing him dying like Emma Peel is.

Additionally, high angle types are used when the School inspector is on the ground dying. This enables him to be the main priority of focus during this scene which promotes a sense of urgenceness and how he is seen as low and vulnerable, which evokes emotion from the audience due to us seeing him falter and be at his worst. These angles are mainly used here along with the close ups suggesting that him dying is an impactful event- being vital and a key component to the story which the camerawork directs us too.

Friday 27th January 2022
Television in the 2010s

L/O: research the 2010s (UK) in terms of social cultural and political climate of the decade; research TV usage in 2015

1) Conservative party - David Cameron UKIP won a seat.

2) 9/11 had a lasting effect on the public causing emotional scares even after a decade of occurring

3)

• Islamic State–Taliban conflict

• Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon

4) 2015 Baltimore Protests

• Donald Trump campaigning to become President
• Brexit ordeal
• Immigration
• 
  

2015 vs 1965

attitudes towards war scares is mainly in 1965 with smaller wars happening in Afghanistan, Syria.  Fear of terrorists is in 2015

 Immigration is more focused on in 2015

Racism , feminism is still active even with the 2010 discrimination act.

Cuffs: Series 1,episode 1 Friday 3rd February 2023

L/O: to analyse the narrative and characters constructed in an opening episode

Friday 17th March 2023

L/O: to analyse the narratives and characters constructed in an opening episode

          

Personal identity- ensemble cast- woman, men, ethnicities are all shown- inclusive and equal representation- emphasises the difficult job of the police in front of public indifference 

Information - police officer's life- job, risks they take, issues e.g mental health, physical activity, drugs on people- weapon crime.

entertainment, nice tense action of the all the characters so therefore content never gets old since there is a variety to watch and like- serious knife crime scenes are thrilling and tense, humour aspect of the show- nude bit can make the show feel light and not dragged - offering an escape from the outside world- reducing stress

Social interaction- people will like and share the diverse cast of the police officers and the impacts of their work on society which will enable people to share an opinion they have on the police drama.

Stronger roles for women as the female police officer and detective - Donna and Jo being in positions of high power and superiority of the police force.

A change in masculinity- eating loads and being scared are not traditional views of men in the media as traditionally men are seen to train and be tough- representing different male roles. `Jake being of a different sexuality promotes equality and contrasts to the 1960s where this would not have happened.

The men and women are seen as equal in the police force, working together in unity rather than being divided creates a sense of teamwork that old traditional views don't occur.

Jake Vickers is represented as neutral and calm, his sexuality being gay being treated as neutral and accepted, promoting equality which sets the tone as chilled and accepting, subverting from the usual stereotypes of gay men being camp/ butch, contrasting to the 1960s where they weren't featured at all.

Lino is represented as chilled and laid back with a sense of humour and constantly eating, subverting usual stereotypes of masculine men-  strong,serious and hard working

Jake Vickers- stereotypical standard

Lino Moretti- passive , fun anti stereotypical

Carl Hawkins- standard, sociable stereotypical

Felix Kane- anti-stereotypical - introverted

Friday 31st March 2023

Hero- Jake

Villain- Criminals

The donor-  Ryan

The helper- Ryan/ Lino Donna

Princess- solving crimes etc.getting kid back and finding culprits

princess father- maybe robert vickers for being authoritative 

dispatcher- person who sends the on the case- chief probably

False Hero- N/A

The difference of applying Propp to a drama series is that every episode the plot and story changes, developing on multiple characters over a wider storyline. For a film, the development is more complex and is slightly more focused and easier to place as the characters are more attributed to those stereotypical roles. An ensemble cast is harder to place as there is multiple people who can take those roles.

in 2015, the public had lost confidence in the police due to to corruption and budget cuts. This can be seen in the episode as it the guy in the store and nudist guy didn't cooperate. These views are contrasted though with the guy in the store faith of
unity and fighting crime to protect their citizens- e.g Nathan and mental health, finding the guy who beat someone in the store.

Exam Preparation 28/04/23

L/O: To review the exam format and possible question types

to present, connotes, implies,portray?

e

10 minutes - 3 paragraphs make judgement use media language - mise-en-scene - setting,costume, lighting,

police officer being under stress is representation

different camerawork angles to convey meaning - e.g cross cutting which conveys tension as the moment is fast and creates a faster environment

Q3 - liar    

Q3 - watershed so may not show content/be unrealistic 0